Final Exam Review

1. Captions:

A circus monkey crouches away from his trainer, Tom Jones, outside of a building. Jones was about to take the little guy's bike away as punishment after he swatted at him during valuable training hours. 

Gloria Munoz, one of many protestors, marches through the streets of Mexico City with a large red cloth draping over her and the others. The protesters were walking in memory of 43 students who went missing under the police's watch two years ago.

2. Rules of Photography

1. Rule of thirds- positioning and shooting the subject of your photo so they fall in one of the imaginary intersections made by three invisible lines falling over the picture horizontally and vertically. 
2. Balancing Elements- when your picture is balanced through the subject, colors, or shapes on both halves of your picture.
3. Leading Lines- lines in your photo that lead the onlookers attention toward the subject.
4. Symmetry and Patterns (repetition)- a series of the objects of the subject that appear the same and seem to be repeating. ex: shooting a picture forwards from the end of a line/row of people.
5. Viewpoint- the angle in which you shoot your photograph from.
6. Background- don't just focus on the subject when shooting your pictures, make sure to pay attention to the background as not to draw attention away from the subject. Using a simple background will help the focus draw towards the subject.
7. Create depth- by adjusting aperture you can change the depth of field, or how much of your photo is in focus.
8. Framing- Using objects to create a frame around the subject of your photo, subsequently drawing more attention towards it. 
9. Cropping- most commonly done in photoshop, cropping is a way to make the image smaller or able to fit in a certain provided space. 
10. Mergers and avoiding them- busy backgrounds or objects in the background of a photo that unintentionally interact with the subject of the photo.

3. Aperture, Shutter Speed, ISO

• aperture- the amount of light let into the photo. It controls the depth of field.
• shutter speed- determines how long the shutter stays open to allow light in
• ISO- how sensitive the photo is to light

4. Manipulating photos in photoshop

• acceptable- changing the lighting/levels, and making small, minuscule changes that are approved by the subject
• not acceptable- making large changes to a persons appearance, changing an image to make it technically/informationally/politically incorrect, adding objects into the image that weren't in the original photo

5. Portrait Types

• environmental- a portrait executed in the subjects usual environment.
• self portrait- a self taken photo of or representing the photographer
• casual portrait- a common type of portrait used to focus on the subject without anything around them to distract/take away our attention from them

6. Photographic terms-

• Exposure- lighting; how much light is exposed to the picture
• Depth of field- having to do with aperture: how much of the photo is focused.
• focal length- the calculation of an optical distance from the point where light rays converge to form a sharp image of an object to the digital center at the focal plane in the camera.

7. types of magazine covers- 

• Early- consisted of a title and  the publication date with maybe an illustration
• poster- one picture or illustration that often didn't go with the main story. headline and words don't cover the photo.
• married to type- pictures with added cover lines
• forest of words- intense photography with a large amount of cover lines